Njengoba ukwanda kwe-myopia emhlabeni jikelele eminyakeni yamuva nje, baningi abantu abadinga ukwelashwa. Izilinganiso zokusabalala kwe-myopia zisebenzisa i-US Census ka-2020 zibonisa ukuthi izwe lidinga ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okungu-39,025,416 kumntwana ngamunye one-myopia minyaka yonke, kanye nokuhlolwa okubili ngonyaka.
Kubodokotela bamehlo nabamehlo ababalelwa ku-70,000 ezweni lonke, uchwepheshe ngamunye wokunakekelwa kwamehlo (i-ECP) kumele anakekele izingane ezingu-278 njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zamanje zokunakekelwa kwamehlo ezinganeni ezine-myopia e-United States. 1 Lokho kuyisilinganiso se-myopia yezingane ezingaphezu kwe-1 ehlolwa futhi iphathwa ngosuku. Umkhakha wakho uhluke kanjani?
Njenge-ECP, umgomo wethu ukunciphisa umthwalo we-myopia eqhubekayo nokusiza ekuvimbeleni ukukhubazeka kokubona kwesikhathi eside kubo bonke abanesifo se-myopia. Kodwa iziguli zethu zicabangani ngokulungiswa kwazo kanye nemiphumela yazo?
Uma kukhulunywa nge-orthokeratology (Ortho-k), impendulo yeziguli ngekhwalithi yempilo yazo ehlobene nokubona iphakeme kakhulu.
Ucwaningo lukaLipson nabanye, besebenzisa iNational Institute of Eye Diseases with Refractive Error Quality of Life Questionnaire, luqhathanise abantu abadala abagqoke amalensi okuxhumana athambile anombono owodwa nabantu abadala abagqoke amalensi e-orthokeratology. Baphetha ngokuthi ukwaneliseka kanye nokubona konke kuyafana, nokho cishe ama-68% abahlanganyeli bakhetha i-Ortho-k futhi bakhetha ukuqhubeka nokuyisebenzisa ekupheleni kocwaningo. 2 Izihloko zibike ukuthi zikhetha ukubona okungalungisiwe emini.
Nakuba abantu abadala bengase bathande i-Ortho-k, kuthiwani ngokubona eduze ezinganeni? UZhao nabanye bahlole izingane ngaphambi nangemva kwezinyanga ezi-3 zokugqoka i-orthodontic.
Izingane ezisebenzisa i-Ortho-k zibonise izinga eliphezulu lempilo kanye nezinzuzo emisebenzini yazo yansuku zonke, zazinamathuba amaningi okuzama izinto ezintsha, zazizethemba kakhulu, zikhuthele kakhulu, futhi zinamathuba amaningi okudlala ezemidlalo, okwagcina kuholele ekutheni zichithe isikhathi esiningi zisesibhedlela emgwaqweni.
Kungenzeka ukuthi indlela ephelele yokwelapha i-myopia ingasiza ekuqhubekeni nokubandakanya iziguli futhi isize ngokwanele ukuphatha ukunamathela isikhathi eside ohlelweni lokwelashwa oludingekayo ekwelapheni i-myopia.
I-Ortho-k yenze intuthuko enkulu ekuklanyweni kwamalensi kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo kusukela kwavunywa okokuqala yi-FDA ngamalensi okuxhumana e-ortho-k ngo-2002. Izihloko ezimbili zivelele emtholampilo namuhla: Amalensi e-Ortho-k anomehluko wokujula kwe-meridional kanye nekhono lokulungisa ububanzi bendawo yokubona ngemuva.
Nakuba amalensi e-meridian orthokeratology ngokuvamile enikezwa iziguli ezine-myopia kanye ne-astigmatism, izinketho zokuwafaka zidlula kakhulu lezo zokulungisa i-myopia kanye ne-astigmatism.
Isibonelo, ngokuvumelana nezincomo zomkhiqizi, ngokwesayensi yeziguli ezine-corneal toricity engu-0.50 diopters (D), umehluko owodwa wokujula kwendawo yokubuya ungabekwa ngokwesayensi yesayensi.
Kodwa-ke, inani elincane lelensi ye-toric ku-cornea, lihlanganiswe nelensi ye-Ortho-k ecabangela umehluko wokujula kwe-meridional, kuzoqinisekisa ukuphuma kahle kokudabuka kanye nokugxila okuhle ngaphansi kwelensi. Ngakho-ke, ezinye iziguli zingazuza ekuzinzeni nasekulinganeni okuhle okunikezwa yilolu hlobo.
Esivivinyweni somtholampilo sakamuva, amalensi e-orthokeratology angu-5 mm ububanzi be-rear vision zone diameter (BOZD) alethe izinzuzo eziningi ezigulini ezine-myopia. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi i-5 mm VOZD yandise ukulungiswa kwe-myopia ngama-diopters angu-0.43 ekuvakasheni kosuku olulodwa uma kuqhathaniswa nomklamo we-6 mm VOZD (ilensi yokulawula), okunikeza ukulungiswa okusheshayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokubona (Izithombe 1 no-2). 4, 5
UJung nabanye bathole nokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwelensi ye-BOZD Ortho-k engu-5 mm kwaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kobubanzi bendawo yokwelashwa kwesimo sendawo. Ngakho-ke, kuma-ECP ahlose ukufeza inani elincane lokwelashwa kweziguli zawo, i-BOZD engu-5 mm yabonakala inenzuzo.
Nakuba ama-ECP amaningi ejwayelene nokufaka amalensi okuxhumana ezigulini, kungaba ngokuxilonga noma ngokubona, manje kunezindlela ezintsha zokwandisa ukufinyeleleka nokwenza lula inqubo yokufaka emtholampilo.
Uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula lwe-Paragon CRT Calculator (Isithombe 3) olwaqalwa ngo-Okthoba 2021, luvumela odokotela abaphuthumayo ukuthi bachaze amapharamitha eziguli ezinezinhlelo ze-orthokeratology ze-Paragon CRT kanye ne-CRT Biaxial (CooperVision Professional Eye Care) futhi bazilande ngokuchofoza okumbalwa nje. Oda. Iziqondiso zokuxazulula izinkinga zokufinyelela okusheshayo zinikeza amathuluzi okwelapha awusizo noma nini, noma kuphi.
Ngo-2022, ukusabalala kwe-myopia ngokungangabazeki kuzokwanda. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi wezokwelapha amehlo unezinketho zokwelashwa ezithuthukisiwe namathuluzi nezinsiza zokusiza ukwenza umehluko empilweni yeziguli zezingane ezine-myopia.