Popeza matenda a myopia afalikira padziko lonse lapansi m'zaka zaposachedwa, pali odwala ambiri omwe akufunika kuthandizidwa. Ziwerengero za kuchuluka kwa matenda a myopia pogwiritsa ntchito kalembera wa US wa 2020 zikusonyeza kuti dzikolo limafuna mayeso a maso 39,025,416 kwa mwana aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a myopia chaka chilichonse, ndi mayeso awiri pachaka.
Pa madokotala a maso ndi a maso pafupifupi 70,000 mdziko lonse, katswiri aliyense wa maso (ECP) ayenera kusamalira ana 278 miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pa chisamaliro cha maso cha ana omwe ali ndi myopia ku United States. 1 Ndi avareji ya myopia ya ana opitilira 1 yomwe imapezedwa ndi kuthandizidwa patsiku. Kodi chipatala chanu chimasiyana bwanji?
Monga ECP, cholinga chathu ndikuchepetsa vuto la myopia yowonjezereka ndikuthandizira kupewa kuwonongeka kwa maso kwa nthawi yayitali kwa odwala onse omwe ali ndi myopia. Koma odwala athu amaganiza chiyani za kusintha kwawo ndi zotsatira zake?
Ponena za orthokeratology (Ortho-k), ndemanga za odwala pa moyo wawo wokhudzana ndi masomphenya zimakhala zomveka.
Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi Lipson et al., pogwiritsa ntchito National Institute of Eye Diseases with Refractive Error Quality of Life Questionnaire, anayerekeza akuluakulu omwe amavala magalasi ofewa a maso ndi akuluakulu omwe amavala magalasi a orthokeratology. Anapeza kuti kukhutira konse ndi kuwona zinali zofanana, komabe pafupifupi 68% ya omwe adatenga nawo mbali adakonda Ortho-k ndipo adasankha kupitiriza kuigwiritsa ntchito kumapeto kwa kafukufukuyu. 2 Omwe adatenga nawo mbali adanenanso kuti amakonda kuwona masana osakonzedwa.
Ngakhale akuluakulu angakonde Ortho-k, bwanji za kusawona bwino kwa ana? Zhao ndi anzake adayesa ana asanayambe komanso atatha miyezi itatu ya kuvala mano.
Ana omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Ortho-k anasonyeza moyo wabwino komanso ubwino wake pa zochita zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku, anali ndi mwayi woyesa zinthu zatsopano, anali odzidalira kwambiri, ochita zinthu mwachangu, komanso anali ndi mwayi wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zomwe pamapeto pake zinapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi nthawi yambiri yochitira chithandizo mumsewu.
N'zotheka kuti njira yonse yothandizira matenda a myopia ingathandize kupitiriza kugwira ntchito ndi odwala ndikuthandizira mokwanira kutsatira njira yochizira yomwe imafunika pochiza matenda a myopia kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ortho-k yapita patsogolo kwambiri pakupanga ma lenzi ndi zinthu kuyambira pomwe FDA idavomereza ma lenzi olumikizana a ortho-k mu 2002. Mitu iwiri imadziwika kwambiri masiku ano: Ma lenzi a Ortho-k omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwa kuya kwa meridional komanso kuthekera kosintha kukula kwa dera lowonera kumbuyo.
Ngakhale magalasi a meridian orthokeratology nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la myopia ndi astigmatism, njira zowayikiramo zimaposa kwambiri zomwe zimawongoleredwa ndi myopia ndi astigmatism.
Mwachitsanzo, mogwirizana ndi malangizo a wopanga, mwa njira ya empire kwa odwala omwe ali ndi corneal torcity ya 0.50 diopters (D), kusiyana kwa kuya kwa malo obwerera kumatha kuperekedwa mwa njira ya empire.
Komabe, lenzi yochepa ya toric pa cornea, pamodzi ndi lenzi ya Ortho-k yomwe imaganizira kusiyana kwa kuya kwa meridional, idzaonetsetsa kuti misozi ituluke bwino komanso kuti diso likhale lolunjika bwino pansi pa lenziyo. Chifukwa chake, odwala ena angapindule ndi kukhazikika komanso kuyenerera bwino komwe kumaperekedwa ndi kapangidwe kameneka.
Mu kafukufuku waposachedwa wa zachipatala, magalasi a orthokeratology a 5 mm rear vision zone diameter (BOZD) adabweretsa zabwino zambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi myopia. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti 5 mm VOZD idawonjezera kukonza kwa myopia ndi 0.43 diopters paulendo wa tsiku limodzi poyerekeza ndi kapangidwe ka 6 mm VOZD (control lens), zomwe zidapereka kukonza mwachangu komanso kusintha kwa kuwona (Zithunzi 1 ndi 2). 4, 5
Jung ndi anzake adapezanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito lenzi ya 5 mm BOZD Ortho-k kunapangitsa kuti m'mimba mwake muchepetse kwambiri kukula kwa malo ochizira matenda. Chifukwa chake, kwa ma ECP omwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chithandizo kwa odwala awo, 5 mm BOZD inakhala yothandiza.
Ngakhale ma ECP ambiri amadziwa bwino ma contact lenses okwana odwala, kaya powazindikira kapena powagwiritsa ntchito, tsopano pali njira zatsopano zowonjezerera kupezeka mosavuta ndikuchepetsa njira yowakonzera kuchipatala.
Pulogalamu yam'manja ya Paragon CRT Calculator (Chithunzi 3) yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu Okutobala 2021, imalola madokotala adzidzidzi kufotokozera magawo a odwala omwe ali ndi Paragon CRT ndi CRT Biaxial (CooperVision Professional Eye Care) orthokeratology systems ndikutsitsa ndi kudina pang'ono chabe. Oda. Malangizo othetsera mavuto mwachangu amapereka zida zothandiza zachipatala nthawi iliyonse, kulikonse.
Mu 2022, kuchuluka kwa matenda a myopia mosakayikira kudzawonjezeka. Komabe, akatswiri a maso ali ndi njira zamakono zochiritsira komanso zida ndi zinthu zina zothandizira kusintha miyoyo ya ana omwe ali ndi matenda a myopia.