I te pikinga ake o te mate kanohi pōuri puta noa i te ao i ngā tau tata nei, kāore he kore o ngā tūroro e hiahia ana kia rongoatia. Ko ngā whakatau tata mō te horapa o te mate kanohi pōuri mā te whakamahi i te Tatauranga o Amerika 2020 e whakaatu ana me 39,025,416 ngā whakamātautau kanohi e hiahiatia ana e te whenua mō ia tamaiti he mate kanohi pōuri ia tau, me ngā whakamātautau e rua ia tau.
Mai i ngā tākuta kanohi me ngā tākuta kanohi e 70,000 puta noa i te motu, me tiaki e ia tohunga tiaki kanohi (ECP) te 278 tamariki i ia ono marama kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga tiaki kanohi o nāianei mō ngā tamariki he myopia i te United States.1 Ko te toharite he neke atu i te 1 te myopia o ngā tamariki kua tātaritatia, kua whakahaeretia hoki ia rā. He aha te rerekētanga o tō mahi?
Hei ECP, ko tā mātou whāinga he whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te myopia e haere tonu ana, me te āwhina ki te ārai i te ngoikore o te tirohanga mō te wā roa i roto i ngā tūroro katoa e pāngia ana e te myopia. Engari he aha ngā whakaaro o ā mātou tūroro mō ā rātou ake whakatikatika me ngā hua?
Mō te orthokeratology (Ortho-k), he nui ngā urupare a ngā tūroro mō te kounga o te oranga e pā ana ki te tirohanga.
I roto i tētahi rangahau nā Lipson me ētahi atu, mā te whakamahi i te National Institute of Eye Diseases with Refractive Error Quality of Life Questionnaire, i whakaritea ngā pakeke e mau ana i ngā karāhe whakapā ngohengohe tirohanga kotahi ki ngā pakeke e mau ana i ngā karāhe orthokeratology. I whakatau rātou he rite tonu te makona me te tirohanga whānui, heoi, tata ki te 68% o ngā kaiuru i pai ake ki te Ortho-k, ā, i whiriwhiri tonu ki te whakamahi i te mutunga o te rangahau. E 2 ngā kaupapa i kōrero he pai ake ki te tirohanga awatea kāore i whakatikatikaina.
Ahakoa e pai ake ana ki ngā pakeke te Ortho-k, me pēhea rā te tirohanga tata o ngā tamariki? I arotakehia e Zhao me ētahi atu ngā tamariki i mua atu, ā, i muri i te toru marama o te mau niho.
Ko ngā tamariki e whakamahi ana i te Ortho-k i whakaatu i te kounga teitei ake o te oranga me ngā painga i roto i ā rātou mahi o ia rā, he nui ake te tūponotanga ki te whakamātau i ngā mea hou, he nui ake te māia ki a rātou anō, he kaha ake te mahi, ā, he nui ake te tūponotanga ki te tākaro hākinakina, ā, i te mutunga iho, he nui ake te wā e pau ana ki te maimoatanga i te tiriti. 3
Tērā pea mā te huarahi whānui ki te rongoā i te myopia ka āwhina i te whai wāhi tonu o ngā tūroro me te āwhina tika ki te whakahaere i te ū tonu ki te tikanga maimoatanga e hiahiatia ana mō te rongoā i te myopia.
Kua tino ahu whakamua a Ortho-k i roto i te hoahoa karāhe me ngā rauemi mai i te whakaaetanga tuatahi a te FDA mō ngā karāhe whakapā ortho-k i te tau 2002. E rua ngā kaupapa e tūwhera ana i roto i te mahi haumanu i ēnei rā: Ko ngā karāhe Ortho-k me te rerekētanga hohonutanga me te kaha ki te whakarite i te diameter o te rohe tirohanga o muri.
Ahakoa e tohua ana ngā karaihe meridian orthokeratology mō ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e te myopia me te astigmatism, he nui ake ngā kōwhiringa mō te tāuta i ērā mō te whakatika i te myopia me te astigmatism.
Hei tauira, e ai ki ngā taunakitanga a te kaihanga, mō ngā tūroro he 0.50 diopters (D) te torcity o te corneal, ka taea te tohu i tētahi rerekētanga hohonu o te rohe whakahoki.
Heoi, mā te tāpiri i tētahi arotahi toric ki te kornea, me te arotahi Ortho-k e whai whakaaro ana ki te rerekētanga o te hohonutanga o te meridional, ka tika te rere o te roimata me te pokapū pai i raro i te arotahi. Nō reira, ka whai hua pea ētahi tūroro i te pumau me te taunga pai e whakaratohia ana e tēnei hoahoa.
I roto i tētahi whakamātautau haumanu tata nei, he maha ngā painga o ngā karāhe orthokeratology 5 mm rear vision zone diameter (BOZD) ki ngā tūroro he myopia. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua i whakapiki ake te 5 mm VOZD i te whakatikatika myopia mā te 0.43 diopters i te haerenga kotahi-rā ki te whakarite ki te hoahoa 6 mm VOZD (arotahi whakahaere), e whakarato ana i te whakatikatika tere me te whakapai ake i te tirohanga (Pikitia 1 me te 2). 4, 5
I kitea anō hoki e Jung me ētahi atu ko te whakamahinga o te karāhe Ortho-k 5 mm BOZD i hua ake ai he whakaiti nui i te whānui o te rohe maimoatanga matawhenua. Nō reira, mō ngā ECP e whai ana kia iti ake ngā rahinga maimoatanga mō ā rātou tūroro, i kitea he whai hua te 5 mm BOZD.
Ahakoa he maha ngā ECP e mōhio ana ki te whakauru i ngā karaihe whakapā ki ngā tūroro, mā te tātaritanga, mā te wheako rānei, kei reira ngā huarahi auaha hei whakapiki i te urunga atu me te whakahaere i te tukanga whakauru haumanu.
I whakarewahia i te Oketopa 2021, ka taea e te taupānga pūkoro Paragon CRT Calculator (Pikitia 3) te tautuhi i ngā tawhā mō ngā tūroro me ngā pūnaha orthokeratology Paragon CRT me CRT Biaxial (CooperVision Professional Eye Care) me te tango i aua mea mā te pāwhiri noa iho. Tono. Mā ngā aratohu rapurongoā tere ka whakaratohia he taputapu haumanu whai hua i ngā wā katoa, i ngā wāhi katoa.
I te tau 2022, kāore e kore ka piki ake te horapa o te myopia. Heoi anō, kei te umanga kanohi ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga matatau me ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi hei āwhina i te hanga rerekētanga ki te oranga o ngā tūroro tamariki e pāngia ana e te myopia.